Over the past two decades and more，great achievement has been made with China’s poverty alleviation benefited from the strong economic growth and the well-planned poverty alleviation activities. However the rural areas，particularly the poor areas，are relatively neglected in capital investment，as the economy moves further towards a capital- and technology-intensive one and the adoption of a urban-centred social development policy that often be criticized. Agricultural industry is taking up a shrinking share in the national economy and income from fanning has remained low. All these factors have led to a considerable change in the poverty picture in rural China over the past decade. On the one hand，poor people living in the west and the central part of China see no fundamental changes in their poverty status；on the other hand，development gap between different places within the same region has also caused the dispersed distribution of the new poor. The poor are in poverty in terms of low income，as well as in poverty in political，economic，social and environmental terms. This has already begun to challenge the justice of China’s economic and social development policies and called for an innovative poverty alleviation and development strategy and approach. This research will put forward the following conclusions and proposals regarding the targeting and management of the poverty alleviation funds.

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李小云:男，1961年生，陕西定边人。中国农业大学人文与发展学院教授，博士生导师，教育部学部委员，中国农业大学人文与发展学院院长，中国农村社会学学会副理事长，中国妇女研究会副秘书长，中国农村经济学会常务理事，中国扶贫基金会理事，中国民促会理事。曾获霍英东高等教育研究奖、国家科学进步二等奖、中国消除贫困奖（研究奖），享受国务院特殊津贴。曾经以高等发展专家身份受聘于世界银行、亚洲开发银行、联合国开发计划署、欧盟、德国、英国等双边、多边和非政府机构，现受聘为DAC-IPRCC研究小组中方组长。主要研究领域为：贫困与发展、性别与发展、国际发展援助、社区资源与发展。近来年共出版著作近20部，发表学术论文50余篇。研究领域：国际发展合作。

张雪梅:上海外国语大学中国外语战略研究中心教授，博士生导师。

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