人兽冲突研究概述

（一）人兽冲突（Human-Wildlife Conflict）的定义

在许多地区，人口数量的增长伴随着土地利用方式的改变，人类生产和生活用地的不断扩大以及休闲娱乐活动带来的影响，导致野生动物栖息地范围不断缩小，加上食物资源种类和数量的减少，迫使野生动物生活在越来越接近人类的地方，进而加剧了冲突Jackson P.，“The Status of Tiger in 1993 and Threats to its Future，” Tigerpaper （1995）；Thouless C.R.，and Sakwa J.，“Shocking Elephants：Fences and Crop Raiders in Laikipia District，Kenya，” Biological Conservation 72（1995）；Woodroffe R.，“Predator and People：Using Human Densities to Interpret to Declines of Large Carnivores，” Animal Conservation 3（2000）；Karanth K.U.，and Madhusudan M.D.，“Mitigating Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Southern Asia，” in J. Terborgh，C. P. Van Schaik，M.Rao，and L.C.Davenport，eds.，Making Parks Work：Identifying Key Factors to