This chapter introduces the background of the project，known as Development of Sustainable Alternative Livelihoods and Community Participation in the Management of Wetland Resources in the Sanjiang Plain，as well as the process and results of the alternative livelihood activities in Raohe County of Heilongjiang Province under the project. This project is funded by the Poverty and Environment Program of Asian Development Bank （ADB） and carried out jointly by Forestry Department of Heilongjiang Province and the Center for Integrated Agricultural Development （CIAD） under China Agricultural University. The project has been designed to achieve the following goal and objectives. The goal is to incre